Electric space heater



June 15, 1965 1. JEPSON ETAL 3,139,727

ELECTRIC SPACE HEATER Filed June 27, 1961 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 jig 29 Z June15, 1965 JEPSON ETAL 3,189,727

ELECTRIC SPACE HEATER Filed June 27, 1961 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 United StatesPatent 3,189,727 ELECTRIC SPACE HEATER Ivar Jepson, Oak Park, James R.Cochrane, Chicago, and Robert D. Grahn, Hinsdale, Ill., assignors toSunbeam Corporation, Chicago, Ill., a corporation of Illinois Filed June27, 1961, Ser. No. 119,918 12 Claims. (Cl. 219-377) This inventionrelates to electric space heaters having means for causing circulationof heated air. The invention has more particular reference to portableroom heaters but is applicable in certain of its phases to radiant andconvection heaters designed for other purposes.

Portable room heaters of the type with which this invention is primarilyconcerned are of relatively small bulk so as to be easily moved aboutand so as to be capable of being stored when not in use in a relativelysmall space such as a closet or the like. By virtue of this small size,it is apparent that the electrical heating element and electricalcontrol element must be placed within the small space provided by thehousing of the heater. The association of electrical elements with aportable electric heater of relatively small bulk presents some problemby virtue of the fact that the electrical elements and components mustbe mounted closely adjacent .to the housing and to the heat reflectingportion of the portable heater; and yet must have sufficient clearancetherewith to provide safety to a user from electrical shock and fromoverheating of the components. Moreover, such portable heaters must bemanufactured economically so as to make them available on the market ata low cost.

As such heaters are frequently used in living quarters of a house andsimilar places, it is desirable that the portable heater be quiet inoperation and neat in appearance. It would be particularly desirable forthe portable heater to be so constructed as to serve as an additionalpiece of furniture, for example, as a small table or rack.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide animproved portable electric heater which possesses the aforementionedadvantages.

A further object of the present invention is to provide an improvedportable electric heater which is small in size and yet which providesproper clearance between the electrical components and the other partsof the heater.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a portableelectric heater which is economically manufactured and assembled.

A further object of the present invention is to provide an improvedportable electric heater which is very quiet in operation.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an improvedportable electric heater having a pleasing appearance and which may beused as an additional piece of furniture.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an improvedportable electric heater which is very small and compact in size.

Further objects and advantages of the present invention will becomeapparent as the following description proceeds and the features ofnovelty which characterize the invention will be pointed out withparticularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of thisspecification.

For a better understanding of the present invention reference may be hadto the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective .view of an improved portable electric heaterembodying the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the portable electric heater otfFIG. 1, taken along line 2 2 thereof;

FIG. 3 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on line 3,139,727 PatentedJune 15, 1965 33 of FIG. 2, assuming that FIG. 2 shows the completestructure;

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line 4-4 of FIG. 2, assuming thatFIG. 2 shows the complete structure and with the tip switch shown inclosed position;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary view looking in the direction of thearrows 5-5 of FIG. 4, assuming that FIG. 4 shows the complete structure;

FIG. 6 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along line 6-6 of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective VlNV with certain portions cut away ofthe heating element subassembly of the portable electric heater of thepresent invention; and

PEG. 8 is a schematic diagram disclosing the electric circuit embodiedin the room heater of the present invention but with the tip switchshown in open position.

Briefly stated, the present invention is concerned With a portableelectric heater having a reflector assembly positioned within a housingand provided with air passage means to provide for both radiant andconvection heating from the heater. In order to provide for a heater ofsmall compact size, the reflector includes a pair of spaced end walls,each closely juxtaposed to a respective one of the end walls forming thehousing. The reflector end walls are provided with elongated alignedopenings for spring mounted insulating supports around the heatingelement is wound.

According to another feature of the present invention, the control orheat selector dial of the heater as well as the handle thereof isrecessed into a wall of the housing thereby providing a substantiallyfiat surface adapting the heater for use as an end table or the like.

Referring now to the drawings, there is illustrated a portable electricspace heater, generally shown at 10, and including a casing or housing11, supporting a reflector assembly 1-2 therein. The casing 11 isillustrated as a rectangular housing provided with rear wall 1 1a, frontwall 11]), top wall 110, end walls 11d and He and bottom wall 111. Aheating element assembly 13 is positioned in front of the reflectorassembly 12, so that the reflector assembly 12 is effective to transmitradiant heat from the heating element assembly 13. Moreover, the heater10 includes a motor and fan assembly 14 within the housing 11 thereofand positioned to draw air through a plurality of louvers 15 in the rearwall 11a of the housing ll, and to direct the air through a plurality ofslots 16 in the reflector assembly 12, the air then passing through agrille 17 extending across an opening 18 in the front wall 11b of thehousing 11. In this manner the heater it) is effective to transmit heatby convection as well as by radiation. The grille 17 is preferablyformed of expanded metal or the like.

In order to provide for the selective control of a de sired heat, theheater 10 is provided with a temperature control assembly 19 (FIGS. 2and 4), including a thermal responsive control switch 20 (FIGS. 4 and 8)positioned within the housing 11 and connected to control the operationof the motor and fan assembly 14. As illus trated, thermal responsivecontrol switch 20 includes a bimetallic element 21, a pair of relativelymovable contacts 22a and 22b mounted on flexible supports such as leafsprings or the like and a rotatable control knob 23 whose function willbecome apparent from the ensuing description. The bimetallic element 21and leaf springs are preferably supported in an insulated stack securedWithin casing 11 as from the top thereof. Furthermore, bimetallicelement 21 is adapted to deflect upon heating so that the right-handend, as viewed in FIG. 8, moves upwardly and an insulating extension 21athereon engages and moves the leaf spring supporting movable contact 22awith the resultant opening of the circuit at contacts 22a and 22b. Thecontact 22b might be conor other surface. heater portion of the heatingelement assembly 13, de-

J] sidered the stationary contact and it is selectively removable inresponse to rotation of control knob 23 which has an insulatingextension 23a extending through an opening in the leaf spring supportingcontact 2211, thereby to change the positioning of the stationarycontact 2222 and, hence, to determine the temperature at whichbimetallic element 21 opens the switch comprising contacts 22a and 22b.Suitable indicia may be associated with control knob 23 to indicate thesetting thereof, which indicia might comprise Off, Low, Medium, High,etc. Thus, the temperature control knob 23 is in effect a heat selectordial which extends outside of the top life of housing 11 therebypermitting manual control of the temperature setting of the thermalresponsive control switch 20. The temperature control assembly 19, dueto its position immediately in front of fan 14 and louvers 15, wouldnormally be principally responsive to the temperature of the room airpassing across the bimetallic element 21 and would be relativelyunaffected by heat radiated from the reflector assembly 12. For aportable heater of this type to meet present day safety standards, it isnecessary that the thermostat respond suficiently to the temperature ofthe reflector assembly 12 so that the heater circuit'will be opened itthe front of the heater It is placed so closely to a wall or otherobstruction that there is danger of setting such wall or otherobstruction on fire. To achieve this condition where the temperaturecontrol assembly is positioned in the flow of the room temperature airand still have it respond to the temperaiture of the reflector assembly,a baffle 24 is provided to prevent the direct flow of room temperatureair across the bimetallic element 21. As is best illustrated in FIGS.

2 and 4, the baffle 24 encloses the thermal responsive control switch 20on all sides except the front and the side away from the motor and fanassembly 14. With this arrangement, the bimetallic element 21 is exposedto radiation from the reflector assembly 12 while shielded from the airmoving through the louvers l5. Thus, by using the battle 24, one avoidsthe necessity of placing a second safety thermostat near the reflectorassembly 12 which would respond to overheating at the front of the unit.

For the purpose of shutting off the heater 10 in the event that it isaccidentally tipped over, it is provided with an automatic safety tripor tip switch 25 (FIGS. 4 and 8) including a switch actuator 26 in theform of a rod slidably mounted in a bushing 26a in the bottom 11 of thehousing 11 and adapted to close the contacts of the switch 25 when inengagement with the floor or other surface, the switch 25 opening theelectric circuit when the switch actuator 26 comes out of contact withthe floor The motor and fan assembly 14, the

scribed hereinafter, the temperature control assembly 19,

including contacts 22a and 22b, and the tip switch 25 are connected inan electrical circuit including the conventional power cord generallyindicated at 27 and clearly shown in FIG. 8 of the drawings.

To support the housing 11 from a floor or other surface, the formerincludes a plurality of legs or feet 28,

preferably in the form of a sheet meta-l strap suitably secured to thebottom 11 of housing If as by rivets 2300 (FIG. 2). As best illustratedin FIG. 2 of the drawings, these legs 28 have forwardly and rearwardlyextending portions which serve to prevent placing the heater 10 tooclose to a wall or other vertical surface, thereby preventingoverheating of the heater 10 or the shutting off of the air circulationthrough the louvers 15 or grille 17.

So that the heater 10 may readily be carried from location to location,it is provide with a retractable handle 29 in the top wall 110 ofthehousing Ill. The handle 29 is of generally U shape with a bight portion29a thereof forming a hand grip portion and a pair of sides or legs 2%extending from the bight portion 29a and including somewhat narrowerportions thereof slidably positioned within a pair of spaced aperturesSt) in the bottom of a recessed or depressed portion 31 defined in topwall 110 so that when the handle 29 is relased it will fall under theforce of gravity into the recessed or depressed portion 31 illustratedin FIGS. 1, 2 and 4 of the drawings. The wide upper portions of the legs2% (FIG. 2) adjacent the bight portion 2% prevent the handle 29 fromdropping into recessed or depressed portion 31 with the bight 2921' inengagement with the bottom of recess 31, thereby permitting the bightportion 29a thereof to be readily gripped by the user at any time.Moreover, the lower ends of the legs 2912 are provided with laterallyextending flanges or stops 29c (FIG. 4) which engage the inside of thetop wall Me of the housing 11 thereby limiting the maximum withdrawal ofthe handle 29 relative to the top wall 110 of housing 11.

In order to provide a flush upper surface on the housing 11, and therebyto adapt the heater 10 tobe utilized as an additional piece of furnituresuch as an end table,

the control knob 23 of the temperature control assembly 19 and theretractable handle 29 are located within the recess 31 defined in thetop Wall 110. 'If desired, to improve the appearance of the recess 31 arecessed decorative member 32 nested in the recess 31 and providing asort of frame arrangement may be provided.

The reflector assembly 12, as illustrated, is preferably formed of sheetmetal having a curved heat reflecting surreflector assembly 12 betweenthe end portions 34 there- In order to support the reflector assembly 12within the housing 11, the opening 18 in the front wall 111) of thehousing If; is surrounded or framed by an angular wall portion llg whichterminates in a vertically disposed flange 11h, best illustrated in FIG.3, surrounding the opening 18. The reflector shell 33 and endportions'la i are provided with corresponding flange portions 331) and34a, respectively, which engage the flange 1111 and are secured theretoby suitable fastening means 35. Preferably, the grille 17 has theperiphery thereof sandwiched between the flange 11g and the flanges 33!;and 34a with the fastening means 36 also holding it in position. In

this manner the reflector assembly 12 and grille 17 are mounted to thehousing 11 in a very economical manner with no externally visiblescrews.

In accordance with the present invention, the heating element assembly13, best illustrated in FIGS. 4 to 7 of the drawings, is a subassemblycomprising a resistance heating wire or ribbon 3%, a pair of spacedinsulating support blocks 39 and a pair of heater terminal and endsupporting members 49. The resistance wire or ribbon 33 is preferably apredetermined length of Nichrome wire or ribbon, or other suitableresistance material, spirally wound around the support blocks 39, whichare intended to be separated sufliciently to place a predeterminedtension on the resistance wire or ribbon The support blocks 39 arepreferably formed of porcelain or similar insulating material and areprovided with a plurality of spaced grooves 41 on three sides thereof,as clearly shown in FEGS. 6 and 7 of the drawings. In order to supportthe electrical terminals 4% for the ribbon 38, each of the supportblocks is provided with a slot 42 therein adjacent one end thereofthrough which a narrow extension 45a of the associated terminal member4t) extends. Actually each terminal member 49 is of somewhat Z-shapedconfiguration and has a main body portion 40!) from one end of which thenarrow portion 40:: extends and from the other end a portion 400 extendswhich is welded or otherwise secured, as indicated at 43, to theassociated ends 38a and 38b of the ribbon wire 38. When the insulatingsupports 39 are separated sufliciently to place a tensile force on theresistance ribbon 38, the terminals 40 act to anchor the ends of thisresistance wire to supports 39. Tensile force on the element 38 tends toforce the narrow portions 40a of terminals 49 into slots 42. Moreover,the slots 42 prevent the terminals 40 from moving beyond the positionshown in FIG. 6 of the drawings.

For the purpose of mounting the heating element as sembly 13 within theheater 16 in a manner to maintain the resistance ribbon 38 undertension, the end walls 34 of the reflector assembly 12 are provided withsuitable aligned openings 46 generally conforming to the shape of theinsulating supports 39 but slightly larger than such supports. Spanningeach of these openings 46 is a spring support means or leaf spring 44 ofsomewhat U-shaped configuration with a central bight portion 44a and endportions 446. The end portions 44b are connected to the bight portion44a by V-shaped portions 440. The end portions 441; are riveted to theend walls 34 of the refiector assembly 12, as indicated at 45. Theinsulating supports 39 are suitably secured to the bight portion 44a ofthe spring supports 44 as by suitable bolts or fastening means 47. Inorder that the ribbon wire may be completely insulated from the springsupport means 44, there preferably is provided an insulating layer 49 ofmica or the like which overlies the grooves 41 and is disposed betweenthe supports 39 and spring support means 44. To prevent the supports 39from being pulled through the openings 46, there preferably is providedfor each sup port a sheet metal member 48 fastened by the screws 47between insulating layer 49 and spring support means 44. This member 48is, as best shown in FIG. 5, larger than the openings 46. The sheetmetal members 48 serve an additional function of radiating heat from thearea of the support 39 which, in turn, prevents the spring support means44 from being overheated. At high temperatures there is a substantialdanger of a spring taking a permanent set and losing its resiliency. Thesheet metal members 48 may be made of aluminum or other good heatconducting material. Actually, the principal reason for mounting thesupports 39 in the openings 46 of end portions 34 is to permit thespring support means 44 to be mounted outside of the reflector assembly12. It should be understood that the air drawn in by the motor and fanassembly 14 is forced not only through the openings 16in the reflector33 but also through the spaces in openings 46 not blocked off by thespring supports 39. With provision made for an air passage extendingcontinuously around the supports 39, the air moving by the springsupports 44 and the sheet metal members 48 maintains the spring supports44 at a reasonable temperature at which'they retain their resiliency.The positioning of the element support structure outside of thereflector assembly 12 also improves the appearance of the heater. Itwill be observed that since the heating element 38 is spirally wound onthe supports 39, the terminal 40 at the left end, viewed in FIG. 7 ofthe drawings, is adjacent the bottom of the support 39, while thecorresponding terminal 40 associated with the support 39 at the rightend, as viewed in FIG. 7, is adjacent the top. It will be appreciatedthat electrical connections can readily be made to the portions of theterminals 40 projecting outside the end walls 34 of the reflectorassembly 12. The spring supports 44 tend to provide for parallelmovement of the support blocks 39 upon heating and cooling of theheating element 38 with the resultant expansion and contraction, therebymaintaining a predetermined tension on the ribbon 38.

The above-described support for the heating element assembly 13 providesan arrangement in which a minimum of clearance between the reflectorassembly 12 and the casing 11 is necessary, thus providing the maximumreflector area. Furthermore, the heating element assembly 13 can bemanufactured as a subassembly and the proper tension will be maintainedon the heating element even though heating thereof causes substantialexpansion.

It will be appreciated that a portable electric heater, according to thepresent invention, provides for proper clearance of the heating elementwith the reflector and housing, and at the same time is neat appearing.Moreover, the connection of the heating element tothe terminal membersmakes possible the Winding of the element on a fixture and the transferthereof to a heater without having to do any of the winding of theheating element or making connections thereof while the assembly is inthe heater thereby providing for economical manufacture of the heater.The spring suspension which connects the insulating members and thereflector provides for parallel motion of the insulating members withoutany rubbing friction on any of the parts, thereby eliminating noisewhich would be produced upon heating and cooling of the heating element.Moreover, the construction of the housing and the mounting of thereflector provides for an economical construction. By using the flatporcelain insulating members and springs at the ends, very little spaceis needed to make connections and, therefore, the reflector can be wideenough to cover the entire front opening of the housing.

While a preferred embodiment of the invention has been described by wayof illustration, many modifications will occur to those skilled in theart. It is, therefore, intended in the appended claims to cover all suchmodifications as fall Within the true spirit and scope of thisinvention.

What is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent ofthe United States is:

1. A portable electric heater comprising a housing having an open frontincluding a pair of spaced end walls and a top wall, a reflectorassembly in said housing for projecting radiant heat through said openfront, said reflector assembly including a pair of spaced end portions,each of said end portions being closely positioned to a respective oneof said end walls, elongated aligned openings defined one in each ofsaid end portions, a pair of spaced insulating support means disposedone in each of said aligned openings, a pair of spring means one securedto each of said end portions for holding each of said support meanswithin its associated opening and permitting limited relative movementbetween said support means, a heating element spirally wound around saidspaced support means and extending across said reflector assemblywhereby heat produced by said heating element is projected by saidreflector assembly through said open front, control means in saidhousing connected to control said heating means and having a manuallysettable control knob extending outside of said housing, and retractablecarrying handle means secured to said housing.

2. A portable electric heater comprising a housing having an open frontand including a pair of spaced end walls and a top wall having arecessed portion, a reflector assembly in said housing for projectingradiant heat through said open front, said reflector assembly includinga pair of spaced end portions, each of said end portions being closelypositioned toa respective one of said end walls, elongated alignedopenings defined one in each of said end portions, a pair of spacedinsulating support means disposed one in each of said aligned openings,a pair of spring means one secured to each of said end portions forholding each of said support means within its associated opening andpermitting limited relative movement between said support means, aheating element spirally wound around said spaced support means andextending across said reflector assembly whereby heat produced by saidheating element is projected by said reflector assembly through saidopen front, control means in said housing connected to control saidheating means and having a manually settable control knob extendingoutside of said housing into said recessed portion,

and retractable carrying handle means releasable into said recessedportion when said handle means is not in use.

3. A portable electric heater comprising a housing having air passagemeans including an open front and defined by a pair of spaced end:walls,a reflector assembly in said housing for projecting radiant. heatthrough said open front having air passage means communicating with thefirst-mentioned air passage means, said reflector assembly including apair of spaced end portions, each of said end portions being closelyjuxtaposed to a respective one of said Walls, aligned openings definedone in each of said end portions, a pair of spaced insulating support:means aligned with each of said openings, a pair of spring means onefor each of said support means secured to the outside of said endportions for holding the associated support means within its associatedopening and permit ting limited relative movement between said: supportmeans, and a heating element Wound around both of said support means andextending across said reflector assembly and-betweensaid reflectorassembly and said open front.

4. A portable electric heater as set. forth in claim 3 wherein each ofsaid spring means comprises a pair of V-sliaped spring portions, each.of said V-shaped spring portions having one leg secured tothe associatedsupport means and the other leg securedto the associated end portion.

5. A heating element assembly for. installation. as a unit into a heateror the like comprising a pair of spaced insulated support means, a pairof terminal means each having a first leg extending through respectiveones of said support means and having a second leg, said second legs ofeach terminal extending toward each other and a heating element woundaround both of said support means and extending between said supportmeans, each end of said heating element being wound around the outersurfaces of respective ones of said support means and secured to thesaid second leg of the associated terminal means.

6. A heating element assembly for installation as a unit into a heaterand the like and-comprising a pair of spaced, insulated supportmembershaving outer surfaces provided with a plurality of slots, a pairof Z-shaped terminal members each having a first leg extending throughrespective ones ofsaid support members, said first legs having a widenedstopportion resting against the confronting surface of the respectivesupport member for positioning said terminal member relative to saidsupport member, the other legs of each of said terminal membersextending toward each other, and a heating element positioned in saidslots and wound around both of said support members and extendingbetween said support members, each end of said heating element beingwound around the outer surfaces of respective ones of said supportmembers and secured to said other legs of respective terminal members.

7. A portable electric heater adapted to be used as an end table and thelike and comprising a housing including a horizontal top wall, meansdefining a recess in said top wall, reflector means in said housing,electric heating means carried by said reflector means, temperaturecontrol means in said housing connected to control said electric heatingmeans and having a manually settable control knob extending outside ofsaid housing into said recess, and retractable carrying handle meansreleasable into said recess when said handle means is not in use, thetopmost surface of said knob and the uppermost portion of said handlewhen said handle is released into said recess being no higher than themeans defining the. top of said recess,

8. A portable electric heater comprising an open front housing includinga pair of spaced end walls, a reflector assembly in said housing forreflecting radiant energy through said open front, air passagemeansthrough said housing including openings in said reflector assemblyfor convection heating, said reflector assembly including a pair ofspaced end portions, each of the said end portions being closelypositioned to a respective one of said end walls, means defining anopening in each of said end portions, a pair of insulating support meansone disposed in each of said openings, a pair of spring means one foreach of said end portions, each spring means supporting its associatedinsulating support means. within its associated opening and permittinglimited relative movement between said insulating support means, saidspring means being disposed entirely outside said end portions, and aheating element wound around both said support means and extendingacross said reflector assembly whereby said reflector assembly reflectsradiantenergy produced by said heating element through said open front.

9. The heater of claim 8 in which heat radiating members are interposedbetween each of said insulating support means and each of said springmeans.

10. An electric heater comprising a housing, a reflector assemblymounted in said housing including a pair of spaced end walls, meansdefining an opening in each of said end walls, said openings in said endwalls being aligned with one another, a pair of insulating supportsadapted to be supported one in each opening, said insulating supportsbeing so dimensioned as to be freely movable within said openingswithout touching'said end walls, frictionless means secured to said endwalls for supporting each of said insulating supports in the as.-sociated one of said openings, said frictionless means including aspring member for each end wall which permits movement of each of saidsupports relative to its associated end wall without frictionalinterengagement of any parts, and a heating element supported by saidinsulating supports and extending therebetween within said reflectorassembly.

11. The electric heater of claim 10 wherein said reflector assemblycomprises a generally parabolic reflector shell open at the front withthe ends closed by said pair of spaced end walls and wherein the springmember for each end wall is disposed entirely outside said reflectorshell.

12. The electric heater of claim 11 wherein heat radiating members areinterposed between each of said insulating supports and said springmeans.

References f ited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,074,133 9/ 13Neustaedter 16-115 2,041,897 5/36 Benson 219-377 2,162,341 6/39 Adam219--377 2,274,469 2/42 Booth 219-364 2,329,592 9/43 Clemons 2193682,410,211 10/46 Gough 219-377 2,456,781 12/48 Hardey 219377 2,492,24812/49 Weingardt 219370 2,505,898 5/50 Jafle et al 16115 X 2,649,753 8/53Doye 1l6133 X 2,866,073 12/58 Omohundro 219-364 2,986,594 5/61 Ireland219542 X 3,051,820 8/62 Krichton 219-377 RICHARD M. WOOD, PrimaryExaminer. MAX L. LEVY, ANTHONY BARTIS, Examiners,

8. A PORTABLE ELECTRIC HEATER COMPRISING AN OPEN FRONT HOUSING INCLUDINGA PAIR OF SPACED END WALLS, A REFLECTOR ASSEMBLY IN SAID HOUSING FORREFLECTING RADIANT ENERGY THROUGH SAID OPEN FRONT, AIR PASSAGE MEANSTHROUGH SAID HOUSING INCLUDING OPENINGS IN SAID REFLECTOR ASSEMBLY FORCONVECTION HEATING, SAID REFLECTOR ASSEMBLY INCLUDING A PAIR OF SPACEDEND PORTIONS, EACH OF THE SAID END PORTIONS BEING CLOSELY POSITIONED TOA RESPECTIVE ONE OF SAID END WALLS, MEANS DEFINING AN OPENING IN EACH OFSAID END PORTIONS, A PAIR OF INSULATING SUPPORT MEANS ONE DISPOSED INEACH OF SAID OPENINGS, A PAIR OF SPRING MEANS ONE FOR EACH OF SAID ENDPORTIONS, EACH SPRING